Vikingos

Esta monografía proporciona un relato sinóptico, pero detallado, de los siglos durante los cuales Europa pasó de ser una abstracta expresión geográfica a una nueva entidad, culturalmente coherente aunque políticamente dividida. Así, examina cómo fueron sustituidas las estructuras sociales, económicas y culturales de la Antigüedad por sus equivalentes medievales, y busca definir el contexto europeo mediante el examen de aquellas fuerzas externas, como las confederaciones nómadas de Asia Central y el Imperio islámico de los árabes, que contribuyeron a configurarla a través de...

En 1864 se celebró en Londres la Iª Internacional, la clase obrera europea hablaba de su emancipación frente al capital. España, aunque no estuvo representada en Londres, celebró en junio de 1870 en Barcelona el I Congreso de la Sección española de la Internacional. Y en 1883 se creó una Comisión de Reformas Sociales en las Cortes con la misión de estudiar el problema social y proponer soluciones al Gobierno.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

The abolition of judicial torture—alongside the eradication of both slavery and capital punishment—was one of the most consequential issues debated in eighteenth-century continental Europe. A revealing component of this controversial debate was presented in the unpublished "Discurso sobre la injusticia del apremio judicial," written by the attorney Pedro Garcia del Canuelo. Seeking support for its publication, he forwarded the manuscript to Prime Minister Manuel Godoy in 1795. The savvy Spanish politician, however, not only rejected the text but also warned its author against further...